资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
经历“最冷假期”后,华强北商户寻找“春天”******
阅读提示
在严查货品来源的管理要求下,“水货”手机逐渐失去生存空间,深圳华强北的大批手机商户遭遇“最冷假期”。不过,他们借助之前的经验积累,纷纷谋求新的出路。有的将销售渠道从线下搬到线上,还有的转向回收、销售国产或国行二手手机。
走进位于深圳市福田区的华强北飞扬时代大厦,记者发现高高悬挂在天花板上的大红色横幅显得格外醒目——“依法依规经营,严禁销售无合法来源产品”。
“我们严格查验货品来源,要求出示相关凭证、发票、收据等材料证明来源合法,才允许售卖。”近日,飞扬时代大厦市场管理处工作人员向记者透露。
“守一天,亏一天”“一部手机只能挣百元差价,利润减半”“有客询价却无货”……在严查货品来源的管理要求下,“水货”手机逐渐失去生存空间,华强北飞扬时代大厦的大批手机摊贩面临集体转型。
告别“水货”后,华强北商户该何去何从?记者采访了解到,商户们借助之前的经验积累,纷纷谋求新的出路。有的将销售渠道从线下搬到线上,有的尝试将“战场”转向回收、销售国产或国行二手手机。
借助从业经验实现转型
销售二手手机,尤其是“水货”手机,对华强北倒卖二手手机的年轻人(被称为“背包客”)而言,曾是一项具有售后风险的工作。为了避免售后问题,验货、测试是“背包客”的必备技能。
“拿回去有问题的手机,‘档口’老板不认账,不肯退换,就只能自己花钱修好。”“背包客”钟杰直言,自己也曾因拿了问题机吃过亏。如果问题手机导致客户退货,“背包客”不仅要承担来回几十元的邮费,还会耽误客户销售,影响信誉。
在飞扬时代大厦,售卖、维修、物流服务实现了“一条龙”。“背包客”们在档口拿到货后,测试发现有问题,不出大厦就能解决维修问题。一些“背包客”还懂得一些简单的维修技术。“货运过来都是没有修理过的。拿货时,只能将同一型号的整批货都拿走,不能挑选,质量参差不齐。”凭借长期的经验积累,遇到一些小问题,“背包客”林冲锋逐渐学会了如何维修。
在转型过程中,档口老板和“背包客”们利用先前的经验积累,或开设线下实体店回收、转卖国行或国产二手手机,或通过分享手机挑选、使用、维修的一些小技巧吸引一批粉丝,拓展客户来源,开辟线上销售渠道。
转卖国行“靓机”
“iPhone12,128G,国行双卡双待全网通5G,价格2580元”“高价回收,好坏二手手机都收”……翻开近期陈立群的微信朋友圈,记者留意到,他已经逐渐告别“水货”行业,将“战场”转到国行“靓机”。
“二手手机新旧程度不同,价格也有所不同。按外观成色区分,可以分为大花机、小花机、靓机、充新机。只要屏幕花了,都不能算是靓机,只能划为花机。充新机就是有使用痕迹但可忽略不计。”“背包客”钟杰介绍,作为“搬运工”,客户需要什么货,他们就拿什么货,但要保证是原装机。对从业者和客户而言,国行“靓机”的售后相对“水货”更加便捷。
去年7月,国家发展改革委印发的《“十四五”循环经济发展规划》明确要规范发展二手商品市场,同时鼓励“互联网+二手”模式发展,鼓励平台企业引入第三方二手商品专业经营商户,提高二手商品交易效率,推动线下实体二手市场规范建设和运营。国家不断释放利好政策,对二手手机回收行业发展起到了助推作用。
成立工作室、开二手手机店、入驻互联网二手交易平台……记者了解到,华强北的档口老板和“背包客”们正以多种方式开辟自己的二手手机回收和交易业务渠道。
线上销售,“小单快跑”
将档口退租后,林冲锋尝试线上销售,试图通过短视频社交软件积累客户。“我在社交平台以视频形式分享基本的手机维修知识以及不同型号手机的小技能,吸引了一些粉丝,有少量发展成了客户。”林冲锋说。
记者在短视频平台搜索“背包客”,发现有不少华强北从业者以视频形式介绍如何购买性价比高的二手手机以及手机摄影技巧、维修技能等。这些期望通过线上销售谋求转型的“背包客”中,既有粉丝数量寥寥者,也有人积累了近20万粉丝。“粉丝中大部分人对二手手机感兴趣,当有购买需求的时候,自然会找到关注的博主。”林冲锋如是说。
此外,也有一些手机摊贩尝试销售品牌新机。与飞扬时代大厦不同的是,华强北远望商城主要销售各品牌新机,是全球最大的“一站式”手机、数码产品采购中心。
在远望商城租有档口的叶先生告诉记者,他们属于经销商,相当于做多个品牌手机的批发业务。经销商能从厂家、代理商处以较低价格拿货,主要客户是电商平台的店家。“与‘水货’相比,利润肯定低一点,但属于合法经营,‘小单快跑’,这也是不错的行业。”
(应采访对象要求,文中人物均为化名)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)